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1.
Braz. oral res. (Online) ; 34: e050, 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1132693

ABSTRACT

Abstract Candida infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. The increase in its incidence has been associated with resistance to antimicrobial therapy and biofilm formation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of tea tree oil (TTO) and its main component - terpinen-4-ol - against resistant Candida albicans strains (genotypes A and B) identified by molecular typing and against C. albicans ATCC 90028 and SC 5314 reference strains in planktonic and biofilm cultures. The minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum fungicidal concentration, and rate of biofilm development were used to evaluate antifungal activity. Results were obtained from analysis of the biofilm using the cell proliferation assay 2,3-Bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Terpinen-4-ol and TTO inhibited C. albicans growth. CLSM confirmed that 17.92 mg/mL of TTO and 8.86 mg/mL of terpinen-4-ol applied for 60 s (rinse simulation) interfered with biofilm formation. Hence, this in vitro study revealed that natural substances such as TTO and terpinen-4-ol present promising results for the treatment of oral candidiasis.


Subject(s)
Terpenes/pharmacology , Candida albicans/drug effects , Biofilms/drug effects , Tea Tree Oil/pharmacology , Reference Values , Terpenes/chemistry , Acrylic Resins , Candida albicans/growth & development , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Reproducibility of Results , Analysis of Variance , Statistics, Nonparametric , Microscopy, Confocal , Biofilms/growth & development , Tea Tree Oil/chemistry , Denture Bases/microbiology , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology
2.
UNOPAR Cient., Ciênc. biol. saude ; 17(1): 5-8, abr. 15. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-759581

ABSTRACT

O tratamento endodôntico de dentes decíduos é de suma importância para que se possa preservar a dentição primária e, assim, promoverdesenvolvimento craniofacial adequado, oclusão normal e qualidades estéticas. No entanto, para que isso ocorra, é necessário o uso de pastasobturadoras com propriedades biológicas importantes para a preservação do dente. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar in vitro a atividadeantimicrobiana de duas pastas obturadoras utilizadas em dentes decíduos, Vitapex® e Calcipex®, em espécies microbianas comumenteencontradas em infecções endodônticas (Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Escherichiacoli e Staphylococcus aureus), utilizando o teste de difusão em ágar. Foram utilizadas placas de BHI (Brain Heart Infusion) e confeccionadosquatro pontos equidistantes, imediatamente preenchidos com o Vitapex® cimentos e Calcipex®. O gluconato de clorexidina a 1% (CHX) e águadestilada foram utilizados como controle positivo e negativo, respectivamente. Após a incubação das placas a 37 °C durante 24 h, o diâmetrodas zonas de inibição do crescimento bacteriano ao redor dos poços foi medido (em milímetros) com um compasso de calibre digital com luzrefletida. Este teste foi realizado em triplicata e os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e teste de Tukey (? = 0,05). Ambas as pastastiveram atividade antimicrobiana, mas Calcipex® foi mais eficiente para a maioria das cepas. O halo formado nos experimentos contendoas cepas de S. mutans e S. sanguinis foi semelhante para ambas as pastas. No presente estudo, podemos sugerir que Calcipex® apresentou amelhor propriedade antimicrobiana em relação aos microrganismos estudados.

3.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 46(6): 759-764, Nov-Dec/2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-698067

ABSTRACT

Introduction The incidence of opportunistic fungal infections has increased in recent years and is considered an important public health problem. Among systemic and opportunistic mycoses, cryptococcosis is distinguished by its clinical importance due to the increased risk of infection in individuals infected by human immunodeficiency virus. Methods To determine the occurrence of pathogenic Cryptococcus in pigeon excrement in the City of Araraquara, samples were collected from nine environments, including state and municipal schools, abandoned buildings, parks, and a hospital. The isolates were identified using classical tests, and susceptibility testing for the antifungal drugs (fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B) independently was also performed. After collection, the excrement samples were plated on Niger agar and incubated at room temperature. Results A total of 87 bird dropping samples were collected, and 66.6% were positive for the genus Cryptococcus. The following species were identified: Cryptococcus neoformans (17.2%), Cryptococcus gattii (5.2%), Cryptococcus ater (3.5%), Cryptococcus laurentti (1.7%), and Cryptococcus luteolus (1.7%). A total of 70.7% of the isolates were not identified to the species level and are referred to as Cryptococcus spp. throughout the manuscript. Conclusions Although none of the isolates demonstrated resistance to antifungal drugs, the identification of infested areas, the proper control of birds, and the disinfection of these environments are essential for the epidemiological control of cryptococcosis. .


Subject(s)
Animals , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Cryptococcus/drug effects , Feces/microbiology , Brazil , Columbidae , Cryptococcus/classification , Cryptococcus/isolation & purification , Microbial Sensitivity Tests
4.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 44(4): 1035-1041, Oct.-Dec. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-705291

ABSTRACT

Millions of people and animals suffer from superficial infections caused by a group of highly specialized filamentous fungi, the dermatophytes, which only infect keratinized structures. With the appearance of AIDS, the incidence of dermatophytosis has increased. Current drug therapy used for these infections is often toxic, long-term, and expensive and has limited effectiveness; therefore, the discovery of new anti dermatophytic compounds is a necessity. Natural products have been the most productive source for new drug development. This paper provides a brief review of the current literature regarding the presence of dermatophytes in immunocompromised patients, drug resistance to conventional treatments and new anti dermatophytic treatments.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antifungal Agents/isolation & purification , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Biological Products/isolation & purification , Biological Products/pharmacology , Drug Discovery/trends , Tinea/drug therapy , Tinea/epidemiology , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Arthrodermataceae/drug effects , Biological Products/therapeutic use
5.
UNOPAR Cient., Ciênc. biol. saude ; 15(1): 9-12, jan. 13. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-661299

ABSTRACT

Leveduras do gênero Candida são comuns na cavidade bucal e podem causar candidose na presença de fatores predisponentes, especialmente em paciente diabético, o qual é caracterizado por um aumento anormal da glicose no sangue. A manifestação da doença está relacionada a este conjunto de fatores locais, tais como a presença de próteses dentárias, pH salivar, fluxo salivar e tabaco. A redução da saliva é um dos principais fatores de risco para o aparecimento de infecção e o controle glicêmico inadequado causado por diabetes, em associação com todos estes fatores, pode aumentar a incidência de infecções. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: 1) isolar e identificar cepas de Candida albicans da mucosa bucal de pacientes diabéticos 2) avaliar os fatores de virulência: proteinase e fosfolipase. Amostras microbiológicas foram coletadas a partir de locais da mucosa bucal e semeadas em CHROMagar para posterior identificação de C. albicans por PCR. Foram realizados testes da atividade de proteinase e fosfolipase para todos os isolados de C. albicans. Neste estudo, 22 isolados foram identificados como C. albicans. Em relação às atividades de proteinases, todas as cepas de C. albicans foram capazes de produzir proteinase, enquanto que para fosfolipase, apenas 4,5% dos isolados não produziram esta exoenzima. Portanto, C. albicans presente na cavidade bucal de pacientes diabéticos tem potencial patogênico e pode participar de processos infecciosos e inflamatórios, causando lesões e invadindo os tecidos orais.


Candida yeasts are common in the oral cavity and can cause candidosis in the presence of predisposing factors, especially diabetes, which is characterized by an abnormal increasing in blood glucose concentration. The manifestation of the disease is related to a set of local factors such as the presence of dental prostheses, salivary pH, salivary flow and tobacco. The reduction in saliva is a major risk factor for the onset of infection and poor glycemic control caused by diabetes in association with all these factors further increases the incidence of candidosis. The objectives of this study were: 1) to isolate and identify Candida albicans strains from oral mucosa sites of diabetic patients 2) to evaluate the virulence factors: proteinase and phospholipase. Thus, microbial samples were collected from oral mucosa sites and seeded in CHROMagar for subsequent identification of C. albicans by PCR. For the phenotypic tests, all strains of C. albicans were evaluated for their proteinase and phospholipase productions. In this study, 22 isolates were identified as C. albicans. In regard to the proteinase activities, all strains of C. albicans were able to produce proteinase, while only 4.5% from those isolates were not able to produce phospholipase activity. In conclusion, C. albicans present in the oral cavity of diabetic patients is potentially pathogenic and can participate in infectious and inflammatory processes, causing injury and invading oral tissues.

6.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 41(4): 824-831, Oct.-Dec. 2010.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-595723

ABSTRACT

Candida-associated denture stomatitis is the most common form of oral candidal infection, with Candida albicans being the principal etiological agent. Candida adheres directly or via an intermediary layer of plaque-forming bacteria to denture acrylic. Despite antifungal therapy to treat denture stomatitis, infection is reestablished soon after the treatment ceases. In addition, many predisposing factors have been identified as important in the development of oral candidiasis, including malnourishment, common endocrine disorders, such as diabetis mellitus, antibacterial drug therapy, corticosteroids, radiotherapy and other immunocompromised conditions, such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). These often results in increased tolerance to the most commonly used antifungals. So this review suggests new therapies to oral candidiasis.

7.
RFO UPF ; 15(2): [177-182], maio-ago. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-874361

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: o objetivo do presente trabalho é apresentar uma breve revisão de literatura a respeito da colonização de Candida spp. em bolsas periodontais, seus principais fatores de virulência e possível influência sobreas doenças periodontais. Revisão de Literatura: Apesar de a mucosa bucal ser considerada o principal reservatóriode Candida spp, este micro-organismo pode estar coagregado a bactérias do biofilme dental, sendo considerado um fator importante para o processo decolonização de bolsas periodontais. Além disso, possui vários fatores de virulência relevantes na patogênese dadoença periodontal, tais como a capacidade de aderir ao epitélio e invadir o tecido conjuntivo gengival. Também pode inibir a função de neutrófilos polimorfonucleares, bem como produzir enzimas como colagenases e proteinases, que são capazes de degradar imunoglobulinas.Considerações finais: Os fatores de virulência de Candida spp. associada à suscetibilidade do hospedeiro poderiam desempenhar um papel importante nasalterações inflamatórias associadas com as doenças periodontais destrutivas


Subject(s)
Periodontal Pocket , Candida , Virulence Factors
8.
Rev. odonto ciênc ; 25(3): 300-305, 2010. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-574140

ABSTRACT

Periodontitis is a highly complex and multi-factorial disease. This review summarizes some immunological factors involved in the development and control of this oral disease, such as: the participation of inflammatory cells in local inflammation, the synthesis of chemotaxis proteins with activation of the complement system and a range of antimicrobial peptides, such as defensins, cathelicidin and saposins. The integration of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from microorganisms with their surface receptors in the immune cells, induces the production of several cytokines and chemokines that presents either a pro- and/or anti-inflammatory role by stimulating the secretion of a great variety of antibody subtypes and the activation of mechanisms of controlling the disease, such as the regulatory T cells. Although several studies have tried to clarify some of the immune mechanisms involved in periodontal disease, more studies must be conducted to understand its development and progression and consequently to discover new alternatives for the prevention and treatment of this severe inflammatory disease.


A periodontite é uma doença altamente complexa e multifatorial. Esta breve revisão reúne alguns fatores imunológicos envolvidos no desenvolvimento e controle desta doença oral, tais como: a participação de células inflamatórias no local da inflamação, a síntese de proteínas quimiotáticas através da ativação do sistema complemento e a presença de alguns dos peptídeos antimicrobianos, como defensinas, catelicidinas e saposinas. A interação de padrões moleculares associados à patógenos (PAMPs) de microrganismos com seus receptores de superfície, em células imunológicas, induz a produção de várias citocinas e quimiocinas que apresentam função pró- e/ou anti-inflamatória estimulando a secreção de uma grande variedade de subtipos de anticorpos e a ativação de mecanismos de controle da doença, como as células T reguladoras. Embora vários trabalhos tentem esclarecer alguns dos mecanismos imunológicos envolvidos na doença periodontal, estudos adicionais são necessários para ampliar conhecimentos sobre o desenvolvimento, a progressão e, consequentemente, para se descobrir novas alternativas de prevenção e tratamento desta grave doença inflamatória.


Subject(s)
Periodontitis/etiology , Immunologic Factors
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